Power Conversion Invertor is the core equipment in an energy storage system and is often referred to as the "brain" of the system. Its main function is to convert power between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), enabling the control and dispatch of electrical energy.

Functions include:

AC/DC Conversion (Rectification/Inversion):

Charging (AC → DC): When there is excess power from the grid (or AC power generated by a PV inverter), the PCS converts it into DC electricity to store in the batteries. This process is called rectification.

Discharging (DC → AC): When electricity is needed, the PCS converts the DC power from the batteries into AC power and supplies it to the grid or to the load (electrical equipment). This process is called inversion.

Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Operation: The PCS enables the energy storage system to switch between grid-tied mode (connected to the grid) and off-grid mode (operating independently, e.g., in a microgrid) as needed.